Three papers of this special issue target embedded radiation hardening in fpga or microcontroller systems. The bae rad750 is the most commonly used radiation hardened microprocessor in space it is based on the power pc 750, which was designed in 1997 and used as the original imac processor in 1998 bae recently released the rad750 replacement, which is the rad5545. Abstract bae systems has developed the rad750, a fully licensed radiation hardened implementation of the powerpc 750 microprocessor, based on the original design database. A radiationhardened bulk sigate cmos microprocessor family.
Although one can argue that vacuum tubes are extremely radiation hard, the. Calipso flies in formation with the earth observing. Sa3001, a 256 x 8bit static ram with two 8bit io ports, one 6bit io port and a timer intel 815556. Radiation hardened parts manufactured to date include the cdp1802 microprocessor, the cdp1834 rom, the cdp1852 sbit io port, the cdp1856 nbit 1 of 8 decoder, end the tcc244 256 x 4 static ram.
A microprocessor family has been designed in radiation hardened bulk, silicongate cmos and the three main family members are logic emulations of intel nmos devices. In the first section, the basic fundamentals of the non hardened cl technology used for the cdp1800 series. As bae systems thirdgeneration microprocessor, it is the natural successor to our highly successful and spaceproven rad6000 processor. The rca1802 8bit cpu, introduced in 1976, was the first seriallyproduced radiation hardened microprocessor. Overview this document is intended to be a guideline for radiation tests of microprocessors, which have been the subject of several studies during the last 20 years 114. Radiation hardened radhard components special manufacturing processes of the electronics, like silicononinsulator soi technology. Standard products ut69rh051 radiationhardened microcontroller. Air force and nasa radiation hardened microprocessor experts are kicking off a program to define a nextgeneration radhard microprocessor for. Clark arizona state university september 18, 2014 award number dene0000679. Msp430fr5969sp data sheet, product information and support ti. The 1802 represented the majority of cosmac production, and today the entire line is known simply as the rca 1802. Giddings sandia national laboratories albuquerque, nm 871855800 summary a single chip radiation hardened 1632bit microprocessor.
Renesas radiation hardened rad hard power products achieve the stringent voltage accuracy required of fpgas, asics, microprocessors, and microcontrollers used in space and harsh environment applications. Hardened microprocessors will establish a production capability for a radiation hardened version of a commercial microprocessor to meet military requirements. Radiation testing and analysis showed that marginal memory sectors. Office of nuclear energy sensors and instrumentation annual. Radiation hardening is required to immunize systems and applications from radiation, such as cosmic rays, which affect the reliability of conventional electronics.
A lowcost, radiation hardened method for pipeline protection in microprocessors yang lin, mark zwolinski, senior member, ieee, and basel halak. Pdf on feb 1, 2016, ramin rajaei published design of a radiation hardened register file for highly reliable microprocessors find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The device family consists of an 8bit processor bit slice called the general processor unit gpu, a 1024bit read only memory rom and a gate universal array gua device with approximately 300 gates. The mdpu software is stored in powerstrobed 8kx8 proms raytheon r29793sm from the highly power consuming t2l logic family because of the difficulty in obtaining radiation hardened lowpower proms. The coldfire m5208 used by general dynamics is a low power 1. An926 radiation design considerations using cmos logic rev. A radiation hardened bulk sigate cmos microprocessor family. Design of an automated validation environment for a radiation. When a critical component appears questionable despite these measures. The devices were analyzed in detail and deficiencies in their designs are itemized. Radiation hardened electronics destined for severe nuclear reactor environments. The development of a high performance radiation hardened powerpc microprocessor is nearing completion. Rtx2010 radiation hardened stack machine microprocessor 156 points by lelf on nov 15, 2014 hide past favorite 60 comments lelf on nov 15, 2014.
A replay recovery mechanism is also developed at the architectural level to recover the detected errors. The system exploits environmental information from the sensor in order to determine regions within the fpga that may have been affected by radiation. Utilizing multiple radiation hardening techniques, ddcs space solutions incorporate one or more of the following elements. The second tier selects technology and designs the system so that components meet both mission and radiation requirements. Rad750tm radiation hardened powerpctm microprocessor. In the early 1990s, when mips r3000 hardware and software commercial support was widespread, harris corporation and lsi logic corporation developed the first 32bit radiation hardened commercially compatible microprocessor mongoose i. Based on the sparc v8 architecture, caes leon microprocessors have a long space lineage and are highly configurable and suitable for systemonchip soc designs. Ddc is a leading supplier of space qualified sbcs and radiation hardened components. The radiation hardened pipeline is achieved by incorporating settoffbased selfchecking cells into the sequential cells of the pipeline. Msp430fr5969 sp radiation hardened mixedsignal microcontroller datasheet rev. Nextgeneration radhard space microprocessor to be defined. The choice of this microcontroller was based on the fact that it is widely used in space applications, and consequently, large amount of data about its behavior under radiation is available. The design highly efficient radiation hardened microprocessor for enabling spacecraft hermes is a radiation hardened microprocessor with performance comparable to the commercially available.
Non radiation hardened microprocessors in spaced based remote sensing systems the calipso cloudaerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations mission is a comprehensive suite of active and passive sensors including a 20hz 230mj nd. Radiation hardened software intelligent systems division nasa. Technology shrinking that comes with decrease in supply voltage, affects the sensitivity of the sram cells. Postsilicon validation of radiation hardened microprocessor. Honeywells soiv technology is radiation hardened through the. Abstract a position sensitive radiation sensor was modeled, developed and fabricated then interfaced with a field programmable gate array fpga to create a radiation hardened computing platform. Bae systems continues to enhance the rad750 product family. This chips architecture supports the industry leading performance of 400 mips operating at 200 mhz.
The noelv processor is the basis of our family of riscv based processors that complement the leon product line targeted for modern processing solutions. The intersil hardened field cmos process results in performance equal to or greater than existing radiation resistant. Pdf design of a radiation hardened register file for highly. Pic 1886ve, russian 50mhz microcontroller designed by milandr and manufactured by sitronicsmikron on 180nm bulksilicon technology. An926 radiation design considerations using cmos logic. Pdf a radiationhardened 1632bit microprocessor kenneth. Giddings sandia national laboratories albuquerque, nm 871855800 summary a single chip radiation hardened 1632bit microprocessor has been designed, fabricated and tested. Summary of the radiation testing of the intel pentium iii. Radiationtolerant circuits incorporate special processes, circuitry, packaging, and.
Radiation hardened 8bit cmos microprocessor the hs80c85rh is an 8bit cmos microprocessor fabricated using the intersil radiation hardened selfaligned junction isolated saji silicon gate technology. The cosmac is an 8bit microprocessor family introduced by rca. Radiationhardened space electronics enter the multicore era. Office of nuclear energy sensors and instrumentation. The stateoftheart in radiation hardened digital electronics is described along with a discussion of design techniques that may be used to apply lsi to hardened systems. Hs982c54rhproto datasheet datenblatt intersil, pdf.
Radiation hardened parts manufactured to date include the cdp1802. Space exploration requires radiation hardened microprocessors which minimize the functional disruptions in the presence of radiation. Pdf rad 750 tm radiation hardened powerpctm microprocessor. Request pdf the rad750 tm a radiation hardened powerpc tm processor for high performance spaceborne applications bae systems has. Rad 750 tm radiation hardened powerpctm microprocessor. Radiation hardened computer systems are often costly and are actually two or three generations behind in computational capability, a significant shortfall for missions that may require stateoftheart sota capability. Additional radiation testing is carried out to determine operating modes that increase lifetime of the devices in radiation field below are results shown from programming diagonal regions to all zeros or all ones left and checkerboard right patterns green and yellow denote failures in the words testing of readonly versus erase and. Renesas offers radiation hardened rad hard and singleevent effects class v space level compliant products for space and harsh environment applications.
Singleevent effects in lowcost, lowpower microprocessors. Chip level implementation techniques for radiation hardened. Radiation hardened low power digital signal processor 5a. Since those first flights, 28 additional rad750 microprocessors have been launched. Radiation hardened electronics for space environments rhese. These designs are manufactured using a foundry complementary metaloxide semiconductor cmos 55. We are determining physics based specific failure mechanisms for eflash arrays prior work has been behavior based.
Fordecades, radiation inducedfailureshavebeenaknown. Qmlv radiationhardened and radiationtolerant products to help innovate your space. Since such a scrubber competes with the application for processor cycles, the scan rate and hence protection level goes down if the flight software. To implement a simulation based approach a number of random or pseudo. Furthermore, our asic microprocessor using rhbd techniques was shown to be fully functional after an exposure of 2. The features of the rad750 are described, as well as the process of radiation hardening the processor.
The asic library employed by this design has been proven on a number of designs, and has been tested for seu to levels well beyond 1e10 upsetsbitday. The demands of space exploration require a special class of microprocessors called radiation hardened microprocessors which are less susceptible to radiation present. In addition to bulk silicon c2l cmos technology, the 1802 was also available fabricated in silicon on sapphire sos semiconductor process technology, which gives it a degree of resistance to radiation and electrostatic discharge esd. Finally, a preliminary analysis of radiation testing of a microprocessor bit slice is provided. Radiation effects in optoelectronics and optical fibers facilities and dosimetry analog and mixedsignal integrated circuits for use in radiation environments radiation effects on materials inorbit lowcost radiation studies nanosat, stratobus data workshop r. Rtx2010 radiationhardened stack machine microprocessor. The high performance, radiation hardness, and industry standard configuration of the hs82c54rh make it compatible with the hs80c86rh radiation hardened microprocessor. Functional capabilities of a cmossos lsi device family for emulation usage were assessed. Static cmos circuit design insures low operating power.
Latchup free operation is achieved by the use of epitaxial starting material to eliminate the parasitic scr effect seen in. We have correlated the mechanisms between temperature and radiation effects both of which involve leakage. A radiation hardened 1632bit microprocessor kenneth hass. Yag lidar, a visible wavelength earthlooking camera and an imaging infrared radiometer. Shielding to lower the radiation dose level using e. This paper presents a radiation hardened version of the 8051 microcontroller designed with a vhdl description. Rad750 processor is the most powerful radiation hardened generalpurpose microprocessor ever developed. The project for thin film silicononinsulator soi wafers will create domestic production capabilities for radiation hardened thin film soi substrates used to manufacture. Commercial microprocessors in harsh radiation environments. Previous work has proposed using ecc to protect the register file rf 2.
A lowcost, radiationhardened method for pipeline protection. The basic framework uses the classical validation approach in which the design to be validated is described in a hardware definition language hdl such as vhdl or verilog. Design of an automated validation environment for a. Sandia will develop a custom, radiation hardened version of the pentium processor for use in satellites, space vehicles, and defense systems. Radiationhardened bulk sigate cmos microprocessor family. Devices and ics hardness assurance space and terrestrial environments hardening by design singleevent effects. An introduction to radiation effects on electronics. A nm radiation hardened arm cortex m0 microprocessor. The project for radiation hardened microprocessors will establish a production capability for a radiation hardened version of a commercial microprocessor. Radiation effects on electronics a mature field of research and applications nsrec 2017 basic mechanisms of radiation effects radiation effects in devices and ics singleevent effects. The proposed pipeline protection technique is implemented in an openrisc microprocessor in 65nm technology. The technology will achieve total ionizing dose hardness levels of 1 mradsi.
Radiationhardened space electronics enter the multicore. Along with its extreme lowpower abilities, this makes the chip wellsuited in space and military applications also, at the time the 1802 was introduced, very few, if any, other radiation hardened microprocessors were available in the. The severity of radiation exposure in space differs from that incurred in the tactical arena. Radiation hardened electronics destined for severe nuclear.
Pdf design of a radiation hardened register file for. Where there is no preexisting radiation hardened solution, hardness can be designed into the system at the part or circuit level. Oct 01, 2019 mips microprocessors are also used in space systems. Radiation countermeasures if possible, chose an orbit with a reduced level of radiation.
Design of a radiation hardened register file for highly. Bae systems specializes in a broad domain of radiation hardened electronics, including applicationspecific integrated circuits asics, microprocessors, memories, fpgas, and singleboard computers. Our radiation hardened devices are radhard by design rhbd, offering the highest levels of tid and see radiation performance for the most demanding applications you can take advantage of our extensive expertise and technical support to reduce your integration risk and development time. Radiation hardened computer systems are often costly and are actually two or three generations behind in computational capability, a significant shortfall for missions. It is historically notable as the first cmos microprocessor. Sa3000, a generalpurpose 8bit central processing unit cpu intel 8085a. Radiationhardness components at scaled technology nodes. Radiation hardened electronics destined for severe nuclear reactor environments keith e. Rad750 will be the highest performance radiation hardened generalpurpose processor available. The first production model was the twochip cdp1801r and cdp1801u, which were later combined into the singlechip cdp1802. Summary of the radiation testing of the intel pentium iii p3. Microprocessors are the processing heart of any digital system and are central to all the technological advancements of the age including space exploration and monitoring. The rad750 tm a radiation hardened powerpc tm processor.
Hxrhppc processor rad hard microprocessor honeywell. Powerpc 750m microprocessor, based on the original design database. Mongoose i based rh3000 vme module was then developed. While shielding space systems is very expensive, protection can be economical in tactical radiation environments, with notable exceptions being avionic systems, some tank systems, and shipboard. The rad750 product family includes a pci support chip and a compactpci 3u board, both of which are described. Rca and sandia laboratories jointly developed a radiation hardened bulk sigate cmos technology which is used to fabricate the cdp1800 series microprocessor family. The features of the rad750 are described, as well as the process of radiation hardening. Description based on reengineered commercial technology, it is a licensed, radhard version of the ibm powerpc 750. Ut69rh051 radiation hardened microcontroller data sheet february 2000 features q three 16bit timercounters high speed output comparecapture pulse width modulator watchdog timer capabilities q 256 bytes of onchip data ram q 32 programmable io lines q 7 interrupt sources q programmable serial channel with. Radiation effects on space electronics universitetet i oslo. The first rad750 flight units were launched in 2005 on deep impact, xss11, and mars reconnaissance orbiter missions. Radiationresistant electronics have been integral to the aerospace, nuclear. The bae rad750 is the most commonly used radiation hardened microprocessor in space it is based on the power pc 750, which was designed in 1997 and used as.
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